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Subject: MADZHABS (School of Thoughts)
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kekasih 7.11.10 - 07:38pm
1. Salat: The obvious technical difference is that the Shi'a hold their arms by their trunk (do not fold their arms) in Wuqoof during the Salat, while the Sunni fold their arms (except the Maaliki).[5] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 07:39pm
2. Saum: Leilatul Qadr is celebrated by the Shi'a on the 21st and 23rd of Ramadhan, while it is celebrated by the Sunni on the 27th (for the last four centuries). The Shia recite Duaa Iftitah; the Sunni do Taraweeh Prayers. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 07:40pm
3. Zakat: The Shi'a and the Sunni differ in some technical manner of Zakat distribution. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 07:41pm
4. Haj: The Shi'a and the Sunni differ in minor technical manner of performing the Haj. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 07:41pm
5. Khums: The Shi'a apply Khums in their daily life (Giving 20% of the left-over of their yearly income to the poor and for promotion of Islamic works), and the Sunni apply the Khums only on the spoils of war. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 07:46pm
6. Jihad: The Shi'a regard Jihad as part and parcel of their acts of worship. The Sunni regard Jihad as an important part but not a pillar of Ibadat (acts of worship). *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 07:51pm
7. Enjoining to the Good: The Shi'a regard Enjoining to the Good as part and parcel (pillar) of their acts of worship. The Sunni regard this matter as an important part but not a pillar of Ibadat (acts of worship). *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 07:52pm
8. Prohibiting the Evil: The Shi'a regard Prohibiting the Evil as part and parcel (pillar) of their acts of worship. The Sunni regard Prohibiting the Evil as an important part but not a pillar of Ibadat (acts of worship). *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 07:53pm
Inclinations, Cultural Customs, and Practices
With the passing of time (centuries) major cultural customs evolved among the Shi'a and the Sunni. For instance, Ashuraa did evolve as a major industry, the livelihood of quite a few people depends on it (orators, organizers, and suppliers among others). It also evolved into a major social binding spirit which boosts the resolve of the Shi'a for Islam. Below are the main elements of such cultural evolvements: *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 07:55pm
TABLE III, CULTURAL CUSTOMS:
CULTURAL (Customs)
THE SHI'A
Ithna Ashari
THE SUNNI
(4 schools)
1. Majlis
Very Educational and emotional (Imam Husain's endeavor as the centerpiece)
None
2. Ashuraa
10th of Muharram)
Commemorated vigorously, usually for 10 days or more, Karbala and the calamity that befell the Prophet's family at the hands of Benu Umayya is fully explained and interpreted
May mention Imam Husain, however they celebrate it as an event of Musa's crossing of the Red Sea and other events
3. Ziyarat
Visiting the tombs of the Prophet (pbuh) and the Imams is actively sought after as a blessing, since the Prophet and the Imams hold the highest status with the Almighty
Sought mainly for the Prophet (pbuh), and some people seek Abu Hanifa Mosque and Gaylaani Mosque in Baghdad among others
4. Birthday of Prophet
Celebrated vigorously
Celebrated vigorously
5. Birthdays & Death of Imams
Celebrated vigorously
Not celebrated
6. Ghadeer Khum
Celebrated vigorously
Not celebrated
6. Du'aa Kumayl
Recited energetically every Thursday evening, usually in congregation
Not recited
*
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:01pm
THE SHI'I AND SUNNI
Since each is to his own, the Shi'a and the Sunni can hold dearly to their school of Fiqh, and proudly so. Each school evolved over a period of time, and each has valid points. Since the Sunni schools of thought are purely Fiqh school in Islam, they differ among themselves as much if not more than the group differs with the Shi'a. The social factors may play a very large part in this matter as it had in the past, but people of wisdom and those who are steeped in Islam will shun any destructive tendencies some Muslims indulge in. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:03pm
FIQH:
Each of the Shi'a and the Sunni schools has its particular Fiqh. The Fiqh is the summation of the rules and regulations formulated by the leader of the Madh'hab according to certain methodology (format) formulated by him. Since each Madh'hab has its particular Fiqh, the rules of one Madh'hab may differ in subtle or not so subtle ways from other Madh'habs. A Hanafi may differ from a Shafi'i and Hanbali, a Maaliki may differ from Hanafi or Shafi'i or Shi'a. The Shi'a may differ from most of the Sunni Madh'habs, or be in agreement with 3 out of 4 in some aspects. This difference therefore, is mainly about technique, performance of rituals, rules of inheritance, marriage and other aspects that regulate a Muslim's life and similar matters.
It is worth mentioning that the methodology has its points of strength and weakness, and as followers of a Madh'hab, people have to examine that methodology (format) in a critical, an*lytical, and questioning way. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:07pm
BASIC UNITY:
Muslims are united (and nourished) in their belief in the Holy Quran and Sunnah of the Prophet (pbuh). They are also bound in their Islamic heritage, the cultural heritage, the intensity of their Taq'wa , and in their resolve to be wary of the foes of Islam. It is true that Muslims nowadays are not under one banner as it used to be in the past, but even so Muslims are bound (united) in numerous ways. More to the point, Muslims, be they Shi'a or Sunni, are extremely proud of Islam and their heritage, and the two must co-exist in a most amiable way. When through education their differences are understood and acknowledged, they can respect each other fully and coexist amicably. They ought to communicate by visitation, praying together (in congregations or in each other's Masjids), breaking Ramadhan fast together, intermarrying, attending Salat of Janaaza together, and attending meeting for mutual understanding among other things. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:08pm
HARMONIOUS CO-EXISTENCE:
The Shi'a and the Sunni lived in amicable relationship during the first few centuries of Islam. Abu Hanifa and Malik Ibn Anas were some of the outstanding students of Imam Al-Saadiq. Imam Al-Saadiq used to say, Abu Bakr has twice given birth to me. since the mother and great-grandmother of Imam Al-Saadiq were of Abu Bakr's direct descendants.[6] Many of the instructors and tutors of Al-Shafi'i, Al-Hanbali, and Bukhari, were Shi'a of the school of Al-Saadiq. The Shi'a were, a) the administrators, b) educators, c) thinkers, d) writers, e) scholars, f) merchants, and g) the bankers of the Ummah for many centuries. Why then did discord and contention develop between the Shi'a and Sunni, and when did this happen, one may ask?! *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:15pm
SOURCE OF ILL WILL
Because the Shi'a were and are the opposition party to any ruler (and his administration) who lacks integrity, government policies through the ages were against the Shi'a. The Shi'a were a thorn in the side of any despotic or dictatorial ruler (or dynasty of rulers). With tremendous effort and by encouragement of the successive governments of centuries ago, people began to exaggerate any differences in Fiqh or otherwise between the Shi'a and Sunni, and the common man followed suit blindly and emotionally, whether he was Shi'a or Sunni. This tendency continued and became worse with time, and it still exists and will continue unless we, the educated, put all our effort in combating this evil. The attempts have to at least be directed toward: *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:19pm
Co-existing in an amiable way, fully respecting each other's belief and practices by:
* Visitation of each other's Mosques, performing Salat together, especially the congregational, following the leader of the congregation.
* Attending each other's Ramadhan rituals, Salat of Ramadhan (Taraweeh), Du'aa Jawshan Al-Kabir, and Leilatul Qadr rites among other things.
* Befriending, intermarriage, teamwork in every day life tasks, and business endeavors.
* Attending meetings of mutual interest, and discussing subjects of differences and methods to respect these differences rather than to defend our belief at the expense of the other.
* Cooperate in various Islamic projects that help both the Shi'a and the Sunni alike. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:21pm
Glossary for Chapter 2
Ashuraa:..Commemoration of the martyrdom of Imam Husain in Karbala to save Islam from disintegration. He sacrificed his life, the lives of his brothers, his children, nephews and other relatives.
Abu Hanifa:Head of the Hanafi Madh'hab, a supporter of Ahlul Bayt.
Ahlul Bayt:Fatima and the Designated twelve Imams from Ali to AlMahdi, who safeguarded the teaching of Islam and conferred it to the Ummah as Muham mad (pbuh) had taught it.
AlAammah:General term used to refer to the common people or the general public.
AlAh'kaam:The detailed rules and regulations of the Shari'ah, according to the Ij'tihaad of the Jurist.
AlBaaqir:The 5th Imam of Ahlul Bayt.
AlHanbali:One of the 4 Sunni Madh'habs, and supporter of Ahlul Bayt.
AlKhaassah:The term used for the Shi'a to mean: The Special, The Distinct, or The Elite; generally referred to the devotees of Ahlul Bayt
AlSaadiq:The 6th Imam of Ahlul Bayt, and the chief architect of the Shi'a Fiqh.
AlShafi'i:One of the 4 Sunni Madh'habs, and supporter of Ahlul Bayt.
AlQiyas: (Analogy)Methodology of thought more often referred to by Hanafi school of thought.
AlRaa'y (The Opinionated)Methodology of thought often referred to by Hanafi and other schools of thought.
Ali:The first Imam, 4th Khalifa, cousin of the Prophet (pbuh) and his soninlaw, the spine of the faith.
Bukhari:Collector of the Hadiths after a high degree of scrutiny. His book is one of AlSihaah AlSittah. He died in the year 256H.
Du'aa Jawshan AlKabir:A moving (long) Du'aa, read during Leilatul Qadr in Ramadhan, by the Shi'a.
Fiqh:Rules and regulations of Islam.
Gaylaani:A pious man buried in Baghdad, whose ornate shrine is frequently visited by the Sunni Hanafi.
H:Hijrah calendar.
Hanafi school of thought:One of the 4 Sunni schools, and the largest of the four Sunni Madhhabs.
Ij'tihaad: A process for the scholars in Islam to solve intricate Fiqh problems specific to the period of time in which they were raised, thus Islamic matters continue to be uptodate.
Imamah:A fundamental component of faith in Islam according to the Shi'a.
Ismah:Means that Allah has safeguarded all the Prophets and the Specified Imams who followed Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) from, a) religious error, b) sin, and c) forgetfulness.
Imams:The twelve Imams, the golden chain of narration, the immediate family of the Prophet (pbuh).
Isma'ili:One of the offshoots of the generic Shi'a, most followers are in Indian subcontinent.
Ithna Ashari:The general body of the Shi'a, the specific term was used after Imam AlMahdi's major occultation.
Khalifa:The head of Islamdom who during Benu Umayya and Benu Abbas were usurpers of power in the form of monarchs.
Ja'fari:Another term for the Shi'a Ithna Ashari.
Jabal Arafat:An elevation outside Mecca, where Imam Husain delivered his famous Du'aa, just before leaving for Karbala in Iraq.
Karbala:The site where forces of Benu Umayya destroyed the family of the Prophet (pbuh), but indirectly this saved Islam from being annihilated.
Leilatul Qadr:The highest night of worship during Ramadhan.
Madh'hab:Fiqh of a School of Thought in Islam.
Ma'soom:See Ismah, a person whom Allah safeguards from religious error, sin, and forgetfulness.
Majlis:An assembly where the incidents and meaning of Karbala happening took place.
Malik Ibn Anas: Leader of Maaliki Madh'hab, one of the 4 Sunni Madh'habs, and supporter of Ahlul Bayt.
Mecca:The birth place of Islam, a town in Arabia where pilgrimage takes place.
Sahaaba:Companions of the Prophet (pbuh).
Shari'ah:Islamic Constitution in the Quran.
Shi'a:Believers in the teachings of Muhammad (pbuh) as passed down by Ahlul Bayt, and that Imamah is an indispensable part of the Islamic faith.
Sihaah AlSittah:The six manuals of Hadith collected by Sunni authors.
Suhoor:.Eating before dawn during fast of Ramadhan.
Sunnah:Sayings and practices (Tradition) of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
Sunni:Believers in the teachings of Muhammad (pbuh) as explained by the Sahaaba and Tabi'in.
Tabi'in:The second generation after the Sahaaba (Companions of the Prophet (pbuh).
Tafseer:Interpretation of the Holy Quran.
Taq'wa:Perfection in religion through meticulous application of the Divine commands.
Taraweeh:Congregational Salat, usually in Masjids, after Ishaa' Salat, by the Sunni.
Ummah:Islamic society.
Usool:The format (methodology) as laid down by a particular Madh'hab to base its Fiqh upon.
Wuqoof:Standing up during Salat for recitation.
Zaidi:An offshoot of the generic Shi'a, mainly in Yemen. They were revolutionary in days passed.
Zainul Abideen: The 4th Imam.
Ziyarat:Visitation of the Shrines of the Prophet (pbuh) and Imams for the sake of heightened worship and reading Du'aa, asking Allah's favors.
*
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:22pm
[1] Sahih Al-Bukhari Vol 4, Page 164. Also Sahih Muslim Page 119 (Both are Sunni in school of Islamic thought). They reported that the Prophet (pbuh) mentioned the number of the Imams after him will be twelve. According to Yanabi' Al-Mawadda by Al-Qandoozi (who is Hanafi), the Prophet mentioned the twelve Imams by name.
[2] Quran, Surah 33, Ayah 33.
[3] Mafateeh Al-Jinaan, Abbas Al-Qummi.
[4] Seerah of the twelve Imams, H.M. AlHassani, Vol. 2, Page 196.
[5] AlSaadiq and the Four Madh'habs, Asad Haidar.
[6] Seerah of the Twelve Imams, Hashim M. Al-Hassani, Vol. 2, Page 212. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:26pm
*
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:34pm
SALAT
Main Sources for this chapter:
1. AlSaadiq and the Four Madh'habs, Asad Haidar.
2. Fiqh Al-Sunnah, Syed Saabiq.
3. Fiqh Imam Ja'far Al-Saadiq, Muhammad J. Maghniya.
4. Fiqh according to the five Madh'habs, Muhammad J. Maghniya.
(All sources of reference were quoted from AlSaadiq and the Four Madh'habs, Asad Haidar.) *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:37pm
SALAT AS PERFORMED BY MADH'HABS
As of 1995 statistics, of the five billions of the total world's population the Muslims constitute 1,236,000,000. Statistically speaking, of this one billion and 236 million Muslims: *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:40pm
one billion and 236 million Muslims:
The Shi'a (Imamiyah) ................................................................... 282,000,000
(282 million),
The Sunni, divided into various Madh'habs stand at:
Hanafi:........................................................................................380,000,000 (380 million),
Maaliki:........................................................................................305,000,000 (305 million),
Shafi'i:.........................................................................................190,000,000 (190 million),
Hanbali:................................................ ........................................52,000,000 (52 Million)
Others:
27,000,000 (27 million): These include Ahmadiya, Baha'is, Kharijis, Ismailis, Zaidis, Druzes, etc. [1] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:42pm
Each Madh'hab goes by specific Ah'kaam (rules ) about the Salat according to its interpretation of the Shari'ah and Sunnah. These Ah'kaam (rules ) will be briefly discussed in this chapter, since the details can be voluminous.
To clarify the matter well, the subject of Salat has to be divided into 3 categories:
1. Salat preliminaries (Wudu, Athan, etc.),
2. The Salat itself, and
3. Invalidators of Salat.
The focus of the discussion will be on the Shi'a Ah'kaam compared to the Sunnis. Only the major points will be discussed leaving the smaller points to be researched by the reader.
It is noteworthy that the belief of a Shi'i and that of a Sunni are similar and alike by about 95% degree. Some technical differences do exist however, though minor they are, notwithstanding the fact that the less educated Muslim tends to dwell on them and exaggerate. A good many people deliberately blow these differences out of proportion, often in a move for selfexaltation and to gain self-recognition to themselves or to others of their kind. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:44pm
FIQH:
Each of the Shi'a and the Sunni schools has its particular Fiqh. The Fiqh is the summation of the rules and regulations formulated by the leader of the Madh'hab according to certain methodology (format) formulated by that Madh'hab. Since each Madh'hab has its particular Fiqh, the rules of one Madh'hab may differ in subtle or not so subtle ways from other Madh'habs. A Hanafi may differ from a Shafi'i and Hanbali, a Maaliki may differ from Hanafi or Shafi'i or Shi'a. The Shi'a may differ from most of the Sunni Madh'habs, or be in agreement with 3 out of 4 in some aspects. In this chapter, some outstanding matter in the technique of performing the Salat are explained. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:47pm
EXPLAINING THE TABLES:
The subject of Salat has been divided into categories, each category is put in a table. To have more detail about some points the reader is referred to the specific items that appear below that table. These items explain the rules (Ah'kaam) of different Madh'habs. Thus it is recommended that the reader pays special attention to the rules in the items and compare them with those appearing in the table itself. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:48pm
TABLE I, SALAT PRELIMINARIES, WUDU:
WUDU
THE SHI'A:
Ithna Ashari (Ja'fari)
THE SUNNI
The 4 Schools.
THE FACE:
Wash the face with the right hand from upper forehead to the chin, with the span of the hand as the outer limit.
Variable ways depending on the Madh'hab. See item, (Face), below.
THE ARMS:
Wash the right arm (including the hand) from the elbow down (including hand) with the left hand; then likewise wash the left arm from the elbow down with the right hand.
Wash the right arm (including the hand) up to the elbow with the left hand; then wash the left arm (including the hand) up to the elbow with the right hand.
THE HEAD:
Wipe the front of the head (toward the forehead) with the wet fingers.
Variable ways depending on the Madh'hab. See item 0 (Head), below.
THE FEET:
Wipe the dorsal part of the foot by the wet corresponding hand up to the cuboid elevation of the foot: first the right then the left foot.
Wash the feet, right first then the left. See item 0 (Bare Feet), below.
The Covered feet
Not permitted.
Variable ways depending on the Madh'hab. See item (Covered Feet), below.
The hands
Preferable to wash the hands before Wudu, once or twice. It is Mustahab (preferable).
Variable ways depending on the Madh'hab. See item (Hands), below.
Gargling
A person may gargle/rinse mouth before Wudu, once or twice. It is Mustahab (preferable).
Variable ways depending on the Madh'hab. See item (Gargling), below.
Sniffing
A person may sniff and blow his nose before Wudu, once or twice. It is Mustahab (preferable).
Variable ways depending on the Madh'hab. See item (Sniffing), below.
The ears
Not applicable.
See item (Ears), below.
The neck
Not applicable.
See item (Neck), below.
*
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:50pm
Face: Because of disagreement of what defines face, the following shows some conclusions:
1. Hanafi: From upper forehead to and including the chin, and from ear to ear including the ear lobe.
2. Maaliki: From upper forehead to and including the chin, not including the skin in front of the ear.
3. Shafi'i: From upper forehead to and including the chin under the chin area, and from ear to ear.
4. Hanbali: From upper forehead to and including the chin, and ear to ear.[2] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 08:56pm
Head: The Shi'a wipe the front of the head with the wet four fingers from the center of the head to the front. But because of disagreement of what defines surface area of the head, the Fiqh of the Sunni concluded as follows:
1. Hanafi: With new water, to wipe a quarter of the head (others say a third of the head).
2. Maaliki: With new water, to wipe the whole head (others say a third or two thirds of the head), without the ears.
3. Shafi'i: Similar to the Shi'a, but with new water.
4. Hanbali: With new water, to wipe the whole head including the ears.[3] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:01pm
Bare Feet: The Shi'a wipe the dorsal part of the feet up to the cubicle (height of foot), with the wet corresponding hand, first the right then the left. But because of disagreement of the interpretation of the Ayah of Wudu (in Surah Al-Maa'ida) the Fiqh of the Sunni concluded as follows: The Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali: To wash the whole foot, up to the ankle. Some do it once, others twice or even three times. Each side has its valid reasons and way of interpretation, and each claims it is the correct way. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:03pm
Covered Feet: The Shi'a prohibit wiping over the dorsal part of the covered feet, whether covered with socks of any kind, or light shoes. But because of disagreement of the interpretation of some traditions of the Prophet (pbuh) the Fiqh of the Sunni concluded as follows: The Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali do allow wiping over socks or light shoes, however, the rules in this regard are divergent. Also to thus wipe only when traveling for a period of 3 days without taking off the cover of the feet, or being at home for a period (usually one day) and doing so, led to many arguments.[4] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:03pm
Hands: It is preferable (Mustahab) to wash the hands before Wudu, not only with the Shi'a but also with the Sunni. The differences were about the number of times the hands are to be washed. The Hanbali differed from others in regarding washing the hands before Wudu as a Must (Wajib). *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:05pm
Gargling and/or Mouth-rinsing: It is preferable (Mustahab) to gargle and/or to rinse the mouth before Wudu, not only with the Shi'a but also with the Sunni. The differences were about the number of times gargling and/or rinsing are to take place. The Hanbali differed from others in that they regard gargling and/or rinsing the mouth before Wudu as a Must (Wajib). *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:05pm
Sniffing: It is preferable (Mustahab) to clean the nose by sniffing then blowing it, before Wudu, not only with the Shi'a but also with the Sunni. The differences are about the number of times to do the procedure and the technique of doing it. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:08pm
Ears: While the Shi'a prohibit including the ears in the Wudu, the other Madh'habs differed as to whether the ears are part of the head and therefore are to be cleaned, and if so how to be cleaned, and whether this is Mus'tahab (preferable) or not:
1. Hanafi: wiping the ears as Sunnah, to be done along with wiping the head.
2. Maaliki: Wiping the ears as part of the head as preferable (Mustahab).
3. Shafi'i: Wiping the ears with new water as Sunnah.
4. Hanbali: Wiping the ears as a Must (Wajib), to be done along with wiping the head.[5] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:08pm
Neck (Tat'weeq): While the Shi'a prohibit including the neck in the Wudu, the other Madh'habs differed whether to include it and whether this is Mus'tahab (preferable) or as a sign of reverence, or even Mak'rooh to do so. However, some of the Hanafi and Shafi'i seem to allow it.[6] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:10pm
TABLE II, SALAT PRELIMINARIES, TAYAMMUM:
TAYAMMUM
THE SHI'A:
Ithna Ashari (Ja'fari)
THE SUNNI
The 4 schools.
STEP ONE:
SHI'A: Strike the palms of both hands on dusty area, pure earth, sand, or stone.
Wipe the forehead with the palms of the hands and go down the front part of the nose to its tip.
SUNNI: Variable ways depending on the Madh'hab. See item (Tayammum), below.
STEP TWO:
SHI'A: Strike the palms of both hands on pure earth, sand, dust, or stone once more.
Starting from the wrist, wipe the back of the right hand with the palm of left hand.
Starting from the wrist, wipe the back of the left hand with the palm of right hand.
*
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:22pm
Tayammum: The medium to strike the hands on is variable, for example, for the Shi'a and the Hanafi you can strike on dust, earth, sand, or rock, while with Shafi'i it is only earth or sand, Maaliki it is earth, sand or rocks, metal or many other media. As to the Hanbali, only the earth is allowed as the medium.
1. Hanafi: Strike the palms of both hands, then shake them, then wipe the whole face, then strike the palms of both hands again, shake them, then wipe the back of the hand up to the elbow.
2. Maaliki and Shafi'i: Strike the palms of both hands once then wipe the whole face, then strike the palms of both hands again, then wipe the back of the hand up to the elbow (others say to the wrist).
3. Hanbali: Strike the palms of both hands once then wipe the whole face including the total beard, then wipe the back of the hand up to the wrist, first the right then the left.[7] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:25pm
TABLE III, SALAT PRELIMINARIES, ATHAN:
Preliminaries
ATHAN
THE SHI'A:
Ithna Ashari
THE SUNNI
The 4 schools.
ALLAAHU AKBAR
(Allah is the Greatest)
To be said 4 times.
Variable numbers depending on the Madh'hab. See item 0 (Takbiraat), below.
ASH'HADU ANN LAA ILAAHA ILLA ALLAH
(I declare there is no Deity except Allah)
To be said 2 times.
To be said 2 times.
ASH'HADU ANNA MUHAMMADAN RASOOLUL-LLAAH
(I declare that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah)
To be said 2 times.
To be said 2 times.
ASH'HADU ANNA ALIYYAN WALIYU-LLAAH
(I declare that Ali is the Devotee of Allah)
(This is Mustahab (an option or preferable)
To be said 2 times.
See item (Wali), below.
Not said.
HAYYA ALA SALAAH
(Hasten for Salat)
To be said 2 times.
To be said 2 times.
HAYYA ALA FALAAH
(Hasten toward eternal bliss)
To be said 2 times.
To be said 2 times.
HAYYA ALA KHAYR AL-AMAL
(Hasten for the best of deeds)
To be said 2 times.
Not said. See item (Khayr Al-Amal), below.
ALLAAHU AKBAR
Allah is the Greatest
To be said 2 times.
To be said 2 times.
LAA ILAAHA ILLA ALLAH
(There is no Deity except Allah)
To be said 2 times.
To be said once.
AL-SALATU KHAYRUN MINA NAWM
(Salat is better than sleep)
Not said.
To be said 2 times.
See item (Nawm), below.
*
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:30pm
Athan, a must or otherwise: Shi'a, Hanafi, Maaliki, and Shafi'i say Athan is a Sunnah , near Wajib (a Must). Al-Hanbali on the other hand regards Athan as Fardh (a must) , while many of its followers regard it as Sunnah.
Takbiraat: All say Takbiraat 4 times except the Maaliki who say it 2 times. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:31pm
Wali: As an option (even Mustahab) the Shi'a say Ali is the devotee of Allah twice. None of the Sunni Madh'habs say it. Many Shi'a do not say it either. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:32pm
Khayr Al-Amal: To say Hayya Ala Khayr Al-Amal is a must (Wajib) for the Shi'a, since this was said by the Prophet (pbuh), Abu Bakr, and early days of Omar's Khilaafah, as well as continued by Ibn Omar, Ali ibn Al-Husain, Zayd ibn Arqam, Imam Ali and numerous others all through. This was stopped by order of Khalifa Omar (r) since according to his Ij'tihaad he was afraid that saying it in Athan or Iqaama would discourage Muslims from emphasizing Jihad.[8]
None of the Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, or Hanbali says it. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:34pm
Nawm: Because this was not said at the time of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) the Shi'a do not say it in their Athan or Iqaama. The phrase of (Salat is better than sleeping) was introduced by Khalifa Omar (r).[9] This became a routine afterwards by Hanafi, Maaliki, and Hanbali. Imam Ali said not to increase in the Athan what was not intended in it.
Shafi'i: It is Mak'rooh (detestable) to say the phrase. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:35pm
Iqaama While the Shi'a utter the Iqaama like their Athan but with every phrase twice said, and the last phrase once, the Sunni Madh'habs have differed remarkably in the number of times the phrases (be they Takbiraat or others) are said. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:37pm
TABLE IV, SALAT PROPER:
SALAT
ITSELF
THE SHI'A:
Ithna Ashari (Ja'fari)
THE SUNNI
The 4 schools.
INTENTION, TAKBIR, (WUQOOF).
Takbir Iftitah: a Must (Rukn) .
Variable depending on the Madh'hab. See item (Takbir Iftitah) below.
ARMS' POSITION
Arms not to be folded.
Arms to be folded. See item (Arms) below.
(BAS'MALAH): Bismillah AlRahman Al-Rahim.
Bas'malah has to be said before Fatiha or any other Surah, preferably loudly.
Variable ways depending on the Madh'hab. See item (Bas'malah) below.
AMEN
Not to be said after Surah Al-Fatiha while in Salat
To be said after Fatiha in Salat. See item, (Amen) below.
COMPLETE SURAH AFTER ALFATIHA
Reading no less than a complete Surah after Fatiha.
May read part of Surah after Fatiha. See item (Surah) below.
3rd & 4th RAK'A
Reading Al-Fatiha or saying 3 times:
Subhaana Allah wal Hamdu Lillaah, wa la Ilaaha Illa Allah wa Allah Akbar
Saying Surah Al-Fatiha.
RUKOO
To say: Subhaana Rabbiya Al-Adheemi wa BiHamdih.
Subhaana Rabbiya Al-Adheem.
SUJOOD
To say: Subhaana Rabbiya Al-A'la wa BiHamdih.
Subhaana Rabbiya Al-A'la.
QUNOOT
Highly preferable (valued); Qunoot is done before Rukoo of the second Rak'a (Usually a Du'aa from the Quran).
Qunoot is done in Salat of Witr and others. See item (Qunoot) below.
JULOOS
(Forefinger)
During Tashah'hud no pointing with the forefinger or moving it in circles.
To point with the forefinger or move it in circles. See item (forefinger) below.
JULOOS
(Feet position)
Sitting comfortably on the bent feet.
Sitting on folded left foot, big toe of right foot to touch the ground. See item (Toe) below.
TASHAH'HUD
Wording of Tashah'hud are specific as Ahlul Bayt quoted the Prophet (pbuh).
Wording of Tashah'hud as taught by Ibn Abbas, Ibn Mas'ood, or Ibn Omar quoting the Prophet (pbuh). See item (Tashah'hud) below.
TASLEEM
Wording of Tasleem are specific as Ahlul Bayt quoted the Prophet (pbuh).
Wording of Tasleem are specific to various Madh'habs. See item (Tasleem) below.
*
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:49pm
Takbir Iftitah:
To say Allaahu Akbar after the intention to pray is Wajib (a Must) with the Shi'a, Maaliki, and Hanbali.
1. The Hanafi may say any of the wordings of Al-Asmaa Al-Husna, yet Abu Yusuf of the Hanafi Madhhab prefers the Shi'a ruling.
2. The Shafi'i may say Allah Al-Akbar. (they have added Al, meaning the).[10] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:51pm
Folding Arms:
The Shi'a, along with the Maaliki do not fold their arms while in Wuqoof, though it is allowed if believed as an option of reverence on the part of the person praying. Some Shi'a authorities even regard it as an invalidator of the Salat (if done thinking this is the correct way).[11] It is said that folding the arms was started after the Prophet (pbuh).
1. Hanafi, Shafi'i, and Hanbali: Regard folding the arms as preferable (Mustahab) as a sign of reverence, therefore, they subscribe to folding the arms during Wuqoof, however they differ in the manner the right arm is to be put on the left, whether on lower chest or its upper, in a female different from a male.
2. Maaliki regards folding the arms, if done, as allowed, but not a Sunnah. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 09:55pm
Bas'malah:
While the Shi'a start the Surahs by saying Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim (Bas'malah), as part of the Surah, they are to say it loud enough to be heard. The Prophet (pbuh) used to start Al-Fatiha with Bas'malah but Mu'awiya was the culprit in deleting it.[12]
1. Hanafi, and Maaliki: They regard Bas'malah as not part of Surah Fatiha, so they read Surah Al-Fatiha without it, though they have the option to say it. However, they say Bas'malah with the subsequent Surahs. Also, the Hanafi and Hanbali can read it without being heard. Maaliki would not read at all.
2. Shafi'i and Hanbali: Regard Bas'malah as part and parcel of Al-Fatiha, and has to be said loudly.[13] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:02pm
Amen
Because Amen is a Hebrew word, the Shi'a's Fiqh prohibits saying it during Salat, otherwise their Salat becomes invalid. However they can say Amen when not in Salat. Instead of Amen, the Shi'a say Al-Hamdu Lillaah.[14]
Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali: As Mustahab (preferable) they say Amen after reading of the Fatiha during Salat. They follow what Abu Hurairah once recommended to utter Amen after Al-Fatiha, but the Shi'a claim that that specific narration was not credible.[15] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:07pm
Complete Surah:
While with the Shi'a a complete (not partial) Surah has to be said following Al-Fatiha during Salat, and without this rule the Salat is invalidated. Other Madh'habs are divided about this point, for instance, with the Hanafi portion of a Surah is sufficient, even one Ayah. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:10pm
Qunoot:
Qunoot is saying a Du'aa, usually a passage from the Holy Quran. Qunoot is highly recommended (preferable) with the Shi'a, since the Prophet (pbuh) used to do so. Qunoot is not practiced regularly in the other Madh'habs during regular Salat, even though the Prophet (pbuh) used to practice it. It was Mu'awiya who stopped it.[16] As it evolved, Qunoot is now said during Subh Salat (morning prayer) by the Maaliki and Shafi'i. As to the Hanafi and Hanbali, they say Qunoot during Witr Salat in various manners. *
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