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Subject: MADZHABS (School of Thoughts)
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kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:11pm
Forefinger:
The Shi'a do not point with the forefinger while in Tashah'hud. The Hanafi and Shafi'i do point with the forefinger and even move it in a circular manner, as a preferable (Mus'tahab) procedure. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:12pm
Toe:
While the Shi'a are to sit comfortably on the folded feet during Tashah'hud, the Hanafi are to sit on the twisted left foot while the big toe of the right foot is touching the floor. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:14pm
Tashah'hud:
The Shi'a follow the version of Tashah'hud as taught by Ahlul Bayt quoting the Prophet (pbuh).
1. The Hanafi follow the Tashah'hud taught by Ibn Mas'ood, quoting the Prophet (pbuh).
2. The Maaliki follow the Tashah'hud taught by Ibn Omar, quoting the Prophet (pbuh).
3. While the Shafi'i and Hanbali follow the Tashah'hud taught by Ibn Abbas, quoting the Prophet (pbuh). *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:16pm
Tasleem:
The Shi'a follow the version of Tasleem as taught by Ahlul Bayt quoting the Prophet (pbuh). Tasleem is a Must (Wajib). The Hanafi, Shafi'i, and Hanbali do Tasleem in various forms as appears in Sahih Bukhari and Muslim. It is regarded as Wajib (a Must) by the Maaliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali; and as Sunnah by the Hanafi.[17] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:17pm
OTHER SALATS:
Salat Al-Janaaza: While the Shi'a say 5 Takbiraat with Al-Fatiha not as a Must (not Wajib), the other Madh'habs differed whether Fatiha is a Must (Wajib) or not. The Sunni Madh'habs say 4 Takbiraats, with Hanafi and Maaliki not requiring Al-Fatiha as a Must; while the Shafi'i and Hanbali claim Al-Fatiha as a Must reading.[18] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:18pm
Salat Al-Jumu'ah: The Shi'a do Qunoot (Du'aa) before Rukoo in the first Rak'a and optionally a Qunoot after Rukoo in the second Rak'a. The minimum number of attendants is to be 5. The Sunni do not perform Qunoot during Salat al-Jumuah, and minimum number of attendants with Hanafi is 5 (others say 7), Maaliki 12, Shafi'i and Hanbali 40. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:19pm
Salat Al-Eid: The Shi'a along with Shafi'i can perform Salat Eid individually as well as in congregation, while Hanafi, Maaliki, and Hanbali it has to be only in congregation. The Shi'a do Qunoot with a poetic Du'aa after each of 5 Takbirs in the first Rak'a, and 4 Takbirs of the 2nd Rak'a. Other Madh'habs have various number of Takbiraat without Qunoot. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:21pm
Salat of Nafal (Sunnah): Variable number of Rakas and order before or after the obligatory Salat from each Madh'hab to the other.
Other Salats: For other Salats such as for earthquake, Kusoof and Khusoof, the details are more than this chapter is intended for. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:29pm
TABLE V, SALAT PARAMETERS:
SALAT
PARAMETERS
THE SHI'A:
Ithna Ashari (Ja'fari)
THE SUNNI
The 4 schools.
TIMING
Five times a day on time. Have the option to pray Dhuhr to be followed by Asr, also Maghrib then Ishaa' in the specified time.
Emphasis on the specific times with options. See item (Time) below.
SUJOOD REQUIREMENTS
Forehead to be on pure earth or non edibles. No Sujood on fabric, metal, etc.
Sujood media is variable. See item (Sujood medium), below.
PLACE REQUIREMENTS
Should be Halal, not confiscated or forcefully taken from others.
Similar to the Shi'a with minor variations.
MEN'S CLOTHING REQUIREMENTS
No silk or gold. Minimally Ow'ra has to be covered, preferably covered with a garb.
Similar to the Shi'a with minor variations in defining Ow'ra.
WOMEN'S CLOTHING REQUIREMENTS
Silk or gold OK. Cover from head to ankles. Face, hands, and feet to show.
Cover definition variable, see item (Cover) below. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:47pm
Time of Salat: Both the Shi'a and the Sunni emphasize performing the Salats at their specific times. However, they also give options (as a second best) for performing the Salat at more convenient times. Each Madh'hab has its sources of Hadith and Tradition to fall upon. The Fiqh of the Shi'a allows praying Dhuhr Salat to be followed by Asr, (in this order), from Zawal (mid-day) till before sun-set. It also allows praying Maghrib Salat to be followed by Ishaa', (in this order), from after sun-set Ghuroob) till mid-night. Since this makes it convenient for them, with less chance of missing Salats and less interruption of work, many Shi'a choose this option though it is less meritorious than performing Salat strictly on the appointed times. They refer to many Traditions of the Prophet (pbuh) whereby the Prophet (pbuh) prayed Dhuhr followed by Asr (and Maghrib followed by Ishaa') at times of no travel, fear, or rain.[19]
1. Hanafi: Perform according to the specified time, but differed about defining those times.[20]
2. Maaliki, and Hanbali make available two options, one of choice and one of necessity. The Shafi'i do likewise but with other specifications.[21]
3. The four Madh'habs do combine the Salats (Dhuhr and Asr) or (Maghrib and Ishaa') at times of travel, fear, and/or rain, but they differ about many points in that regard too. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:49pm
Sujood Medium: For Sujood, Fiqh of the Shi'a emphasizes putting the forehead on pure earth, paper, non edibles or non wearable. No Sujood can be done on fabric, rugs, metal, etc. Most Shi'a do Sujood on Turbah (A clay kept clean for Sujood, and no one is allowed to trample on it or make it dirty, otherwise it is to be replaced. Also, while in Sujood, the Shi'a exclude the tip of the nose to touch the ground.
1. Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali allow Sujood on variable media, including rugs, cloths, metal, and earth. Some require the tip of the nose to touch the ground as part of Sujood, along with some specifics about that.[22] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:50pm
Cover (Ow'ra)Ow'ra is the part of the body to be covered, especially during Salat. For men the Shi'a subscribe to covering the pelvic part, better still from the umbilicus to the knees (covering them). The Sunni Madh'habs have minor variations from the Shi'a. As to women, they should cover everything except the face, hands, and the feet. Some Sunnis include the feet as Ow'ra.[23]
Besides the above invalidators of Wudu and Salat, which is more or less agreed upon by all Madh'habs, other factors do exist. If these factors do take place on purpose or unwillingly, (even before last words of Salat), they will invalidate it. Other outstanding points in the Shi'a Fiqh are listed below: *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 10:53pm
Invalidators during Salat (according to the Shi'a):
1. Turning: To turn left, right or to the back while in Salat will invalidate the Salat.
2. Talking: No talking, even to utter two letters (other than the Salat itself).
3. Laughing: No laughing, whether loud or not loud.
4. Crying: Any form of crying is unacceptable except crying out of Awe to the Almighty.
5. Eating: No eating or drinking while in Salat.
6. Walking: No walking during Salat. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:00pm
Invalidators during Salat (according to the Sunni):
In addition to the invalidators specified by the Shi'a, the Sunni add:
1. Hanafi add clearing the throat, whining, reading of the Mus'haf or performing Sujood on unclean spot, among other things.
2. Maaliki add ''not-saying the intention'', blowing, or making noise among other points.
3. Shafi'i and Hanbali add whining if two letters are recognized in it, in addition to many other complex conditions. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:05pm
TABLE VI, WUDU AND SALAT INVALIDATORS:
SALAT INVALIDATORS
THE SHI'A
Ithna Ashari
THE SUNNI
(4 schools)
DISCHARGES
Going to the bathroom (urinating, having a bowel movement, passing gas).
OTHER DISCHARGES
The flow of blood or pus from any part of the body, including the monthly periods of the female and the s*xual discharge of the male.
VOMITING
Vomiting.
SLEEP
Falling asleep.
CONSCIOUSNESS
Losing one's reason whatever the cause. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:13pm
GLOSSARY FOR CHAPTER 3
Abu Bakr: First Khalifa after the Prophet (pbuh).
Abu Yusuf: Student of Abu Hanifa, had his own Fiqh conclusions, he was politically involved in Abbasi government.
Ah'kaam: The detailed rules and regulations of the Shari'ah, according to the Ij'tihaad of the Jurist.
Ahlul Bayt: Fatima and the Designated twelve Imams from Ali to AlMahdi, who safeguarded the teaching of Islam and conferred it to the Ummah as Muham mad (pbuh) had taught it.
Ahmadiya: A movement originated in Pakistan who believe in continuation of Prophethood through time.
AlAsmaa AlHusna: The ninety nine sublime attributes of the Almighty.
Ali ibn AlHusain: The fourth Designated Imam, (Zainul Abideen).
Baha'is: A movement originated in Iran as a corrupted format of the Shi'a, politically minded.
Bas'malah: Saying Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim.
Druze: A movement originated in Syria as a corrupted format of Islam.
Fiqh: Rules and regulations of Islam.
Ghuroob: Time of sunset.
Hanafi: A Sunni School of Thought.
Hanbali: A Sunni School of Thought.
Ibn Abbas: A Sahaabi, well versed in Islam, tutored by Imam Ali.
Ibn Mas'ood: A Sahaabi, highly respected.
Ibn Omar: A Sahaabi, highly respected.
Ij'tihaad: A process for the scholars in Islam to solve intricate Fiqh problems specific to the period of time in which they were presented.
Imam Ali: Cousin of the Prophet (pbuh), raised by him, married his daughter Fatima, extremely strict about teachings of the Sunnah. His teachings are followed by the Shi'a.
Ismailis: One of the offshoots of the generic Shi'a, most followers are in Indian subcontinent.
Kharijis: Rebels against authority in the name of Islam.
Khilaafah: Process of rule after the Prophet (pbuh) passed away.
Maaliki: A Sunni School of Thought.
Madh'hab: Fiqh of a School of Thought in Islam.
Mu'awiya: First of Benu Umayya to become Khalifa, instituted many un-Islamic practices such as monarchy.
Mus'tahab: Preferable.
Must (Wajib): Has to be done from Islamic point of view.
Omar: The second great Khalifa after the Prophet (pbuh), was son-in-law of Ali.
Salat of Janaaza: Special Salat for the deceased.
Shafi'i: A Sunni School of Thought.
Shari'ah: The Divine Constitution of Islam.
Shi'a: Followers of the Sunnah of the Prophet (pbuh) as taught by the Prophet's family (Ahlul Bayt).
Sunnah: Tradition of the Prophet (pbuh).
Sunni: Followers of the Sahaaba and Tabi'in's teaching of the Sunnah of the Prophet (pbuh).
Surah: Chapter of the Quran.
Takbiraat: Saying Allaahu Akbar.
Tat'weeq: Wetting the neck during Wudu by one of the Madh'habs.
Turbah: A clean piece of clay kept for Sujood of the Shi'a.
Witr Salat: A special Salat besides the five daily Salats.
Zaidis: A branch of the generic Shi'a believing in 5 Imams.
Zawal: Mid-day time when the sun is usually at its height.
Zayd ibn Arqam: A great Sahaabi. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:15pm
[1] As reported by Youssef M'roueh in the convention of the Assembly of Ahlul Bayt held at the IEC, Potomac, Nov. 17, 1996. Youssef M'roueh is a Muslim scholar, author and historian of science, and radiation control physicist).
[2] Al-Mun'taqa, Shar'h Mu'watta, Vol. 1, Page 35. Also, Bidayat Al-Muj'tahid, Vol. 1, Page 10. Also Al-Rowdh Al-Nadi, Page 35.
[3] Shar'h Sahih Muslim, Al-Nawawi, Vol. 4, Page 107. Also Al-Mabsoot, Al-Sarkhasi, Vol. 1, Page 65. Also Ghaayat Al-Mun'taha, Page 31.
[4] Tafseer Al-Razi, Vol. 3, Page 371. Bidayat Al-Muj'tahid, Vol. 1, Page 17.
[5] Al-Hidaya, Vol. 1, Page 4. Also Umdat Al-Fiqh according to Ahmad, Vol. 1, Page 13.
[6] Al-Mun'ia, Page 11. Also Fataawa Ibn Taymiya, 1, Page 47, and Shir'at Al-Islam, Page 92.
[7] Al-Mabsoot, Vol. 1, Page 106. Also Al-Muntaqa, Vol. 1, Page 114. Also Al-Mughni, Vol. 1, Page 255.
[8] Al-Bahr Al-Zaakhir, Vol. 1, Page 192. Also Al-Muhalla, Vol. 3, Page 160.
[9] Mu'watta Malik, in Masabih Al-Sunnah, Al-Baghwi, Vol. 1, Page 37.
[10] Shar'h Al-Mu'watta, Al-Baji, Vol. 1, Page 142. Also Al-Mughni, Ibn Qidaamah, Vol.
[11] Al-Maj'moo', Vol. 1, Page 312.
[12] Al-Umm, Al-Shafi'i, Vol. 1, Page 108.
[13]
Al-Uddah, Vol. 2, Box 410. Also Al-Mun'taqa, Vol. 1, Page 151.
[14]
Al-Saadiq and the Four Madh'habs, Vol. 3, Page 331.
Also Fiqh according to the five Madh'habs, by Muhammad J. Maghniya, Page 111.
[15]
Bukhari, Section Salat. Also Fiqh according to the five Madh'habs, Muhammad J. Maghniya,
Page 111.
[16] AlSaadiq and the Four Madh'habs, Asad Haidar, Vol. 3.
[17] Kashf Al-Ghumma, Al-Sha'rani, Vol. 2, Page 220. Also Mus'nad Ahmad, Vol. 2, Page 162.
[18] Ma'ani Al-Athar, Vol. 1, Page 288.
[19]Mus'nad Ahmad, Vol. 1, Page 221 and 251. Shar'h Mu'watta, Al-Zarqani Vol. 1, Page 263. Mu'watta, Malik, Hadith of combining Salats. Fiqh according to the five Madh'habs, Muhammad J. Maghniya. Also Al-Saadiq and the four Madh'habs, Asad Haidar, Vol. 3, Page 272.
[20]Al-Hidaya, Vol. 1, Page 24.
[21]Al-Mukh'tasar, Ibn Ishaaq, Page 15. Also Al-Muhadh'dhab, Shirazi, Vol. 1, Page 52.
[22]Al-Nawawi, Shar'h Muslim, Vol. 4, Page 208.
[23]Fiqh according to the five Madh'habs, Muhammad J. Maghniya, Page 92. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:16pm
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kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:21pm
AN OVERVIEW OF HADITH
Main Sources for this chapter:
Sources of Hadith, Muhammad Al-Jalali.
Al-Saadiq and the Four Madh'habs, Asad Haidar.
Nahjul Balaaghah, English Translation of certain selections, Farouk Ebeid.
Introduction to Hadith, A. Rahman Doi.
Mish'kaat Al-Masabeeh, Translation by Fazlul Karim. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:23pm
WHAT IS HADITH?
The Hadith is the record of the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). The sayings and conduct of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) constitute the Sunnah.
The Hadith has come to supplement the Holy Quran as a source of the Islamic religious law. The Hadith is the second pillar after the Quran upon which every Muslim rests his faith. Hadith consists of Mat'n and Isnad .Mat'n means the text of the Hadith, while Isnad means the chain of transmitters to that Hadith. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:30pm
The scholars of the Hadith literature divided the Traditions of the Prophet (pbuh) into categories according to the degree of authenticity and reliability, each category had to meet certain criteria.
The categories are as follows:
1. Sahih: The genuine Traditions, the authentic ones.
2. Moothaq: Almost like the Sahih but the narration is not as strong as those of the Sahih.
3. Hasan: The fair Traditions although inferior in matter of authenticity.
4. Dha'eef: The weak Traditions which are not so reliable. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:36pm
In the Shari'ah (Islamic Constitution) deeds and actions are divided into five classes:
1. Fardh or Wajib: An obligatory duty the omission of which is Islamicly punishable.
2. Mus'tahab: An action which is rewarded, but whose omission is not punishable.
3. Mu'baah:: An action which is permitted but legally is indifferent.
4. Mak'rooh: An action which is disapproved by the Shari'ah but is not under any penalty.
5. Haram: An action which is forbidden, and Islamicly punishable.[1] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:47pm
THE FABRICATED HADITHS:
History of Fabrication:
During Benu Umayya's Rule: Bringing forth a Counterfeit Hadith was widespread throughout this period.
During Benu Abbas' Rule, producing and circulating counterfeit Hadiths was widespread, in particular with the advent of the schools of thought in Islam. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:49pm
By the year 200 H.: Total of 600,000 Hadiths were in existence, out of which 408,324 Hadith were fabricated (counterfeit) Hadiths by 620 forgers, whose names and identity are known.[2] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:50pm
Most Notorious Forgers: Ibn Jundub, Abu Bukhtari, Ibn Basheer, Abdullah Al-Ansaari, Al-Sindi. One of them, Ibn Au'jaa, professed before he was hanged (for his heresy) that he alone had forged 4,000 Hadiths.[3] *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:52pm
Reason to Fabricate (To do Hadith forgery):
1. Financial incentive by the Khalifas, for example Mu'awiya awarded Ibn Jundub and others hundreds of thousands of Dinars for coming forth with Hadiths that suited him.[4]
2. As a means of self-promotion in the government.
3. In a drive to enhance a particular school of thought.
4. Fanaticism for a school of thought at the expense of others.[5]
5. Al-Qassassoon (The story-tellers): Their operation and major role in the public. *
kekasih 7.11.10 - 11:53pm
SUNNI COLLECTION OF AL-HADITH
DURING THE 1ST CENTURY H.
a. The administration of the early Khalifas discouraged putting the Hadith in writing, instead, they encouraged committing the Hadith to memory. The general public went along but soon it was discovered that confusion about the authenticity of the Hadith was taking place. For one thing many of the Sahaaba had died, and for another, that committing to memory was not reliable at large, especially if you want the Hadith verbatim as the Prophet (pbuh) had said it at the cir tance it was said.
b. Al-Zuhri, Al-Hazm were both commissioned by Khalifa Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz to collect the Hadith but the work was probably not done, due to early death of the Khalifa in 101 H. No record of their work exists. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 12:03am
DURING THE 2ND CENTURY H.:
a. Collection of Hadith was mainly by: a) Ibn Jarih, b) Al-Thawri, c) Ibn Basheer, and d) Malik Ibn Anas in his Mu'watta.[6]
b. The necessity of I'lm Al-Rijaal, (Science of men of Hadith Transmitters): The Background, Intelligence, Authenticity, Reliability, Capacity to Memorize, Manner of living, Reputation, Criticism, were all considered before reliability of the narrator could be established. This was necessary because of the numerous counterfeit Hadiths circulated at the time.
c. Compiling books about forged (counterfeit) Hadiths: This was necessary to warn the Scholars as well as the public about the plethora of the forged Hadiths at that time. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 12:06am
DURING THE 3RD CENTURY H.:
The Hadith was collected and categorized in the later part of the third century of Hijrah resulting in six canonical collections called (Al-Sihaah Al-Sittah):
1. Sahih of Al-Bukhari, d.256 A.H: Selected 7275 (2712 Non-duplicated) out of 600,000 available Hadiths he was aware of.
2. Sahih of Muslim, d.261 A.H: Selected 9200 (4,000 Non-duplicated) out of 300,000 available Hadiths he was aware of.
3. Sunan of Abu Dawood, d.276 A.H. Selected 4,800 of 500,000 available Hadiths he was aware of..
4. Sunan of Ibn Maajeh: d.273 A.H.
5. Jami' of Tirmidhi, d.279 A.H.
6. Sunan of al-Nisaa'i, d.303 A.H.[7]
It is worthy of note that the number of the Shi'a transmitters of Hadith whose quotes appear in the Al-Sihaah Al-Sittah is over 300.[8] *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 12:09am
Al-Bukhari, of Sahih Bukhari, 194-256H:
Al-Bukhari's mother tongue was Persian for he was born in Bukhara. Part of Persia in those days. He collected the Hadith over a period of many years, having established certain strict criteria. Political times during Bukharis lifetime were very troublesome especially against Ahlul Bayt (led by the weird ruler AlMutawak'kil ). As a consequence Bukhari was cautious and cir pect, having mentioned less about Ahlul Bayt's narrations than any of the Al-Sihaah Al-Sittah. Of the 2210 Hadiths claimed to have been narrated by Abu Hurairah quoting A'isha, by using their criteria Bukhari and Muslim accepted only 174 Hadiths as worthy and valid. Therefore, the remaining 2,036 Hadiths produced forth by Abu Hurairah were flatly rejected by them simply as unacceptable.[9]
Bukhari was born to a slave family of Bukhara in 194H. His father died while Bukhari was a child, leaving him a considerable fortune. Bukhari was of weak physique, but with strong intellect, sharp retentive memory, great capacity for hard work, he was methodical. He began to study Hadith at the early age of eleven and gathered all the Traditions within six years. Then he went to Mecca for pilgrimage from where he took a journey for the collection of Hadith. He traveled nearly forty years in quest of knowledge throughout the Muslim world. He then returned to Nishapoor in Iran but he had to leave as he could not yield to the wishes of the Governor. Bukhari settled afterwards in a village at Samarkand where he died at the age of 62 years in 256H. It has been said by some that he died in Baghdad.
Throughout his life Bukhari was pious, and the Prophet's Tradition was his hobby while archery was his pastime. He selected 2712 non-duplicated Hadiths which became 7,275 when duplicated by many narrators. These Hadiths were selected out of 600,000 Traditions available to him at the time. It can be said that Bukhari found the remaining 592,725 Hadiths of unworthy basis and were to be ignored. The fact is that if one Hadith was narrated by six narrators, then this Hadith was reported as 6 Hadiths though with minor variation in expression of the Hadith in question. Thus the number of Hadiths would increase depending on how many narrators report it. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 12:13am
Muslim, of Sahih Muslim, 204-261H:
It is said Muslim was a student of Al-Bukhari and 8 years younger. He differed from Bukhari in his methodology and criteria. He collected the Hadith over a number of years, having established his own criteria. Political times then were less troublesome against Ahlul Bayt, (since Al-Mutawak'kil was killed by his own son), therefore Muslim narrated a large number of Hadiths about Ahlul Bayt (far more than Bukhari), now that the political atmosphere had become less charged and the cir tance more favorable.
Muslim al-Nishaapori was born in a distinguished family of Arab Muslims in Khurasan, Iran in 204H, and his mother tongue was Persian for he was born in Nishapoor of Persia. His forefathers occupied prominent positions during the time of four Khalifas; and Mus lim himself inherited a large fortune from his father who was also a Traditionist of some repute. Muslim traveled to many places for learning Hadith, and after finishing off his studies he settled down at Nishapoor, spending the remainder of his life in sermonizing the Hadiths. He died in the year 261H.
Sahih of Muslim is considered as next to Bukhari in authenticity. It is somewhat superior to Bukhari's work in the details of arrangement of Traditions. The commentary of this book can be found in Ibn Khalikan's work Vol. II, Page 91, and in Fehrist (page 231). Sahih Muslim contains 4,000 non-duplicate Hadiths becoming 9,200 when duplicates are registered. These Hadiths were selected out of 300,000 circulating Hadiths he was aware of. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 12:21am
Abu Dawoodof Sunan Abu Dawood 203-276H
Abu Dawood received his education in Tradition at Khurasan, in Iran. He traveled to all the important centers of Hadith, learned and collected them wherever they were found. He was so respected by the general body of the Muslims that after the city was sacked and depopulated on account of the invasion of the Zinjies, he was requested by alMuaffiq (the CommanderinChief of the Khalifa alMu'tadhid) to settle there in order that the people and the students might be attracted to that town by his presence. He acceded to the request, but refused to teach the Commander's son in private. He said to the Abbasi General (and the founder of the Suffari dynasty) that he was unable to degrade knowledge by making difference between the princes and the poor students.
Abu Dawood wrote many books on Tradition and Islamic laws of which his ''Sunan'' is the most important. The Sunan contains 4,800 Traditions which were sifted from 500,000 Hadiths he was aware of. This work took him nearly 20 years. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 12:25am
al-Tirmidhi: of Jami'i al-Tirmidhi : 209-279H
This is another standard work on Hadith and is considered by the Sunni Muslim jurists as one of the six authentic Traditions works. Tirmidhi was the first man to determine the identity of the names, surnames, and titles of the narrators of Traditions. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 12:31am
al-Nisaa'i of Sunan al-Nisaa'i: 215-303H:
Al-Nisaa'i made a good Hadith collection, quite credible. He wrote Al-Khasa'is book, about the eminence of Imam Ali and Ahlul Bayt and the Hadiths on their behalf. Al-Nisaa'i was 88 years old when in Damascus he expressed his views about Mu'awiya by saying, ''All I know is that the Prophet (pbuh) had said about Mu'awiya, 'May Allah make a glutton out of him to eat and not feel full'.'' This infuriated Mu'awiya's sympathizers, they attacked al-Nisaa'i, trampled upon him, crushed his s, after which the infirm Nisaa'i was taken to Mecca where he died. He was buried between Safa and Marwa. [10]
Sunan of alNisaa'i work on Tradition has been recognized as the best Tradition work of his time, and his smaller work is now considered as one of the Sihaah Sittah. He was the foremost Traditionist of his age and spared no pains in having Hadith recorded in his Sunan. He admitted that in his work there are many weak and doubtful Hadiths (Traditions). *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 12:35am
Ibn Maajeh of Sunan Ibn Maajeh, 209-295H:
In search of Hadith Ibn Maajeh traveled to Baghdad, Basrah, Kufa, Syria, and Egypt. Some reject his work in favor of al-Mu'watta of Malik. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 12:36am
Imam Ahmad of Mus'nad Ahmad, 164-241H:
Imam Ahmad was born in Baghdad, and his was the most im portant and exhaustive of all Mus'nad works. His pious and selfless life created a halo of sanctity around his great collection of Traditions and in spite of its great bulk, it survived the vicissitude of time and revolution of empires. His Mus'nad contains 30,000 Traditions on various subjects, reported by as many as 700 companions of the Prophet. He died before he gave it a final shape and his son Abdullah completed it in the course of 13 years. This book occupied a very important position in Hadith literature and served for a long time as the chief source of Hadith. It was read up to the 12th century. Afterwards it fell into relative disfavor owing to other better works. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 12:39am
SHI'A COLLECTION OF AL-HADITH
It was during the Khilaafah of Abu Bakr and early Khilaafah of Omar that Imam Ali (a.s.) set to the task of registering the Hadiths. Imam Ali was incomparably strict about Islam, and could foresee the need to render the Hadith in written form to be the source for future generations. Ali was fanatic about the accuracy of his writing, and in an agonizingly methodical manner he accomplished the following: *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 12:45am
During Abu Bakr's Khilaafah: Ali rendered in writing the following:
1. Holy Quran: Chronological order of the Quran's revelations called ().
2. Tafseer of the Holy Quran, 3 volumes: called: Mus'haf Fatima. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 12:56am
During Omar's Khilaafah: Ali rendered the following:
1. Hadith of the Prophet (pbuh): Voluminous, called: Saheefa of Ali.
2. Fiqh: Al-Ah'kaam and Mu'aamalat, the Halal and Haram called Al-Ah'kaam wal Mu'aamalat. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 01:01am
During Uthman's Khilaafah: Ali rendered the following:
1. History of the various Prophets as he learned from Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), called: The White Al-Jafr. .
2. Islamic rules and directives of Wars, called The Red Al-Jafr. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 01:03am
As rendered the books of Ali were called Al-Jami'ah (the Encyclopedia) and they were left with the Imams of Ahlul Bayt, each new Imam receiving them from the dying predecessor Imam. The Imams referred to these Hadiths and books over a period of about three centuries. Notable among them is Imam Ja'far Al-Saadiq, who was the teacher of Imam Abu Hanifa and Al-Maaliki, and as many as 4000 scholars who graduated from his school. As many as 400 religious books were written by Al-Saadiqs students, referred to as the 400 Usool (the 400 books of basics in Islam) . *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 02:04am
THE CORPUS OF ISLAMIC KNOWLEDGE
1. The Holy Quran in chronological order,
2. The Tafseer of the Holy Quran consisting of three large volumes, called Mus'haf Fatima,
3. The books of Hadith as Imam Ali had recorded them, called Saheefa of Ali,
4. The books about Al-Ah'kaam, detailing the rule and regulations of the Shari'ah, and
5. The books of the Jafr:
a. The White Jafr about knowledge of the Prophets, life happenings, and other special (mystic) matters
b. The Red Jafr comprised of rules and matters about and involving wars. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 02:06am
Because of the source and chain of narration of the Hadith, the Shi'a (Ja'fari) rely only on the Hadiths as narrated by Ahlul Bayt or those Hadiths in the Al-Sihaah Al-Sittah (Bukhari, Muslim and others) that are similar to what Ahlul Bayt had quoted. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 02:07am
JA'FARI (SHI'A) SOURCE OF HADITH
The original books of Hadith as written by Imam Ali are not available, but the sources of Hadith of Ahlul Bayt were best registered by:
1. Al-Kulaini (d.329AH/940AD) in the book of Al-Kaafi which registers 16,199 Hadiths.
2. Al-Siddooq in the book of Man La Yah'dharhu al-Faqeeh.
3. Toosi in the book of Al-Tah'dheeb, and the book of Istibsaar. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 02:08am
Al-Qummi, Al-Siddooq
1. Life: Scholar of exceptional caliber, from Qum. Wrote numerous books and resided in Baghdad, teaching for a while.
2. Hadith Works: Mun Laa Yah'dharhu Al-Faqeeh, 5,973 Hadiths in 446 sections. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 02:10am
Muhammad Al-Toosi
1. Life: Leader and scholar of great repute; taught in Baghdad both Shi'a and Sunni. During disturbance between Shi'a and Sunni which the government enticed, Al-Toosi's library was burned, his house attacked, and he left Baghdad to Najaf where he established the Howza Ilmiyyah (Islamic Seminary).
2. Hadith Works:
3. Tah'dheeb Al-Ah'kaam, 12,590 Hadiths, in 390 sections.
4. Al-Istibsaar 5,521 Hadiths. *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 02:15am
SHI'A COLLECTION OF AL-HADITH, HIGHLIGHTS
HADITH IN THE FIRST CENTURY:
Collected by Book Comment
Imam Ali Saheefa of Ali Referenced by Shi'i and Sunni scholars
Zainul Abideen
Risalat Al-Huqooq
Al-Saheefa Al-Sajjadiya
Written by the Imam or Dictated to his companions
Abi Rafi' Sunan and Ah'kaam Servant of the Prophet, close to Ali, d 30H
Jabir Al-Ansaari Mansak Companion of the Prophet, d 78H *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 02:16am
HADITH IN THE SECOND CENTURY:
Collected by
Book
Comments
Imam Al-Baaqir
Tafseer Al-Quran
Having references to Hadith
Zaid Ibn Ali Mus'nad Hadith and Fiqh
Imam Al-Saadiq Al-Tawhid Most of the writing by his Companions
Al-Saadiq's Companions The 400 Usool (400 books) Elaboration and expansion on Hadith All referencing to Imam Ja'far Al-Saadiq. They were completed over 90-100 years (by the time of Al-Hasan Al-Askari). *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 02:19am
HADITH IN THE THIRD CENTURY:
Depending on the 400 Usool (the 400 Books) three massive works of collecting the Hadith through Ahlul Bayt, well categorized and indexed, were done. It became a reference for about two centuries.
They are:
1. The Collection (AL-Jami') by Al-Warraq Al-Hadhrami
2. The Collection (AL-Jami') by Muhammad ibn Ahmad Al-Ashari
3. The Collection (AL-Jami') by Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan ibin Al-Waleed *
kekasih 8.11.10 - 02:22am
HADITH IN THE FOURTH CENTURY TILL NOW:
Collected by
Book
Comments
Al-Kulaini
Al-Kaafi
16,199 Hadiths, about half are Sahih, Hasan, or Moothaq
Al-Siddooq Mun Laa Yah'dharhu Al-Faqeeh 5,973 Hadiths, with 3913 References
Al-Toosi Tah'dheeb Al-Ah'kaam 12,590 Hadiths, in 93 chapters
Al-Toosi Al-Istibsaar 5,521 Hadiths
Hadiths (See Sources of the Hadith to the Ja'fari (Shi'a) by Muhammad Husain Al-Jalali.) *
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